Bài tập điền từ vào đoạn văn tiếng Anh (Có đáp án) Chinh phục dạng điền từ vào đoạn văn

I. Cách làm bài tập điền từ vào đoạn văn

Để làm tốt được dạng bài này, nhiều bạn cho rằng chỉ cần có cách làm bài nào đấy là đủ để có thể giúp được điểm cao. Tuy nhiên, trước hết các em cần phải có:

a) Kiến thức ngữ pháp chắc chắn. Các phần ngữ pháp hay thi nhất là:

-­ Liên từ và các từ chuyển tiếp: Yet, So, When, As, Since, However, In addition, For example,….

– Giới từ, cụm giới từ: in, on, at, from, with, across, beside, instead of, apart from…

– Cụm động từ: give up, look into, face up to, put up with, look forward to..

– Mệnh đề quan hệ và mệnh đề danh từ: who, whom, which, that, what, whether…

– Đại từ: it, this, that, another, each other…

– Đôi khi còn có các dạng khác: mạo từ, thì của động từ, câu bị động, cấp so sánh, từ loại.

b) Từ vựng: Cần ôn về Collocation, Word choice.

Trong bài, hay ra kiểu lựa chọn giữa “Do” hay “Make”; “secret” hay “mistery”; “appeal” hay “attract”

CÁCH LÀM DẠNG BÀI NÀY:

1. Đọc lướt qua toàn bộ bài, chú ý các chỗ trống cần điền, và có thể suy nghĩ luôn xem, chỗ trống thiếu dạng từ gì, ngữ pháp hay từ vựng, từ loại danh từ hay động từ hay tính từ hay giới từ. Cố gắng thu thập sơ qua thông tin của toàn bài để có ý tổng quát

2. Đọc kỹ từng chỗ trống. Xem xét mối quan hệ của chỗ trống với tổng thể câu. Nếu là câu hỏi ngữ pháp thì đó là dạng ngữ pháp gì, nếu đó là câu từ vựng thì có phải cụm từ hay ko, hay là sự lựa chọn về ý nghĩa. Nếu là ý nghĩa thì có thể phải dịch thêm câu liền trước hoặc câu liền sau để đảm bảo ý của câu liền mạch.

3. Sau khi kết thúc câu hỏi cuối cần lắp ráp toàn bộ cả bài lại kiểm tra.

II. Bài tập điền từ vào đoạn văn có đáp án

EX1: Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks from 3 to 12.

George Orwell did not expect to be a successful writer. In fact, he spent much of his life anticipating failure. In an essay about his schooldays, he wrote that until he was about thirty he always planned his life with the (3)____that any major undertaking was bound to fail. He wanted success and worked hard to (4) ____it but he was never quite able to give up the notion that his efforts would always come up short. At the age of 46, (5)____before he died, he confided in his private notebook that a deep sense of inadequacy had haunted him throughout his career. He stated that there had been literally not one day in which he did not feel that he was being lazy, that he was behind with his current job and that his rate of work was miserably small. Even in the first months after the tremendous success of “Animal Farm”, he was quick discount his achievement, declaring that his next book was bound to be a failure.

Of course, no conscientious author is ever completely (6)____with their work, but Orwell’s doubts were so (7)____that he often appeared more comfortable (8)____defeat than acknowledging success. In 1940, after the publication of his eighth book, he (9)____to an admiring letter from another writer by (10)____ out of his way to show the man why he was not (11)____of his praise. “It makes me laugh,” he wrote, “to see you referring to me as “famous” and “successful”. I wonder if you (12)____ how little my books sell!”

Question 3.

A. forecast
B. trust
C. expectation
D. reliance

Question 4.

A. reach
B. achieve
C. fulfill
D. manage

Question 5.

A. shortly
B. presently
C. recently
D. virtually

Question 6.

A. cheered
B. assured
C. glad
D. satisfied

Question 7.

A. lengthy
B. persistent
C. attached
D. convinced

Question 8.

A. granting
B. admitting
C. agreeing
D. allowing

Question 9.

A. returned
B. responded
C. answered
D. denied

Question 10.

A. going
B. moving
C. setting
D. leaving

Question 11.

A. capable
B. worthy
C. just
D. acceptable

Question 12.

A. assume
B. regard
C. acknowledge
D. appreciate

GIẢI:

Question 3: Đáp án C. expectation

Giải thích: expectation (n): sự lường trước, liệu trước

Các đáp án còn lại:

forecast (n): sự dự báo (thường là thời tiết)

trust (n): sự tin cậy, uỷ thác

reliance (n): sự phụ thuộc

Question 4: Đáp án B. achieve

Giải thích: Ta có cụm: (to) achieve success: đạt được thành công

Từ “it” đứng cuối câu thay thế cho “success” ở phía trước. Vì vậy ta chọn đáp án B.

Question 5: Đáp án A. shortly

Giải thích: Shortly (adv): không lâu, trong thời gian ngắn (thường đứng trước before/after)

Các từ còn lại:

presently (adv): hiện tại, ngay bây giờ

recently (adv): gần đây

virtually (adv): gần như, hầu như

Question 6: Đáp án D. satified.

Giải thích: Ta có cụm (to) be satisfied with sth: hài lòng với

Question 7: Đáp án B. persistent

Giải thích: persistent (adj) : dai dẳng, liên tục

Các đáp án còn lại:

lengthy (adj): dài dòng

attached (adj): gắn bó, được buộc chặt

convinced (adj): tin chắc, đoán chắc

“Orwell’s doubts” trong bài được hiểu là những hoài nghi của Orwell về sự thành công và thất

bại. Đọc bài ta hiểu rẳng ông thường ám ảnh nỗi thất bại trong sự nghiệp của mình nên những

nghi ngờ đó là dai dẳng èè Chọn B

Question 8: Đáp án B. admitting

Giải thích: (to) admit: thừa nhận, công nhận

Các đáp án còn lại:

(to) grant: ban cho, cấp cho

(to) agree: đồng ý

(to) allow: cho phép

Ta thấy ở vế sau “than” có “acknowledge success” (công nhận sự thành công), vì vậy vế trước “than” ta chọn “admit defeat” (thừa nhận sự thất bại)

Question 9: Đáp án B. responded

Giải thích: (to) respond to sbd/sth: đáp trả, hồi âm, trả lời ai/cái gì

Question 10: Đáp án A. going

Giải thích: (to) go out of one’s way to do sth = (to) try hard to do sth: cố gắng, nỗ lực làm gì

Question 11: Đáp án B. worthy

Giải thích: (to) be worthy of sbd/sth: xứng đáng với ai/ cái gì

Các đáp án còn lại:

(to) be capable of Ving : có thể làm gì

(to) be acceptable to sbd: có thể chấp nhận được đối với ai just (adj) công bằng, thích đáng (chỉ đi trước danh từ)

Question 12: Đáp án B. assume

Giải thích: (to) assume: cho rằng, giả sử.

Các đáp án còn lại:

(to) regard: nhìn nhận, đánh giá

(to) acknowledge: thừa nhận

(to) appreciate: đánh giá cao

Dịch bài:

George Orwell không mong đợi trở thành một nhà văn thành công. Trong thực tế, ông dành nhiều thời gian trong đời để lường trước sự thất bại. Trong một bài văn về thời đi học, ông viết rằng cho đến tận khoảng 30 tuổi, ông luôn luôn lập kế hoạch cho đời mình với (3) sự liệu trước rằng bất cứ dự án lớn nào cũng nhất định sẽ thất bại. Ông mong muốn thành công và đã làm việc chăm chỉ để (4) đạt được nó nhưng ông ấy chẳng bao giờ có thể từ bỏ được ý nghĩ rằng những nỗ lực của mình sẽ luôn nảy đến một cách ngắn ngủi. Vào tuổi 46, (5) không lâu trước khi mất, ông đã giãi bày trong cuốn sổ tay cá nhân rằng cảm giác sâu thẳm về sự thiếu thốn đã ám ảnh ông trong suốt sự nghiệp. Ông phát nói rằng đúng là chẳng có ngày nào ông không cảm thấy mình lười biếng, rằng ông luôn chậm trễ trong công việc hiện tại và tỉ lệ công việc của ông là cực kỳ nhỏ. Thậm chí trong những tháng đầu sau thành công vang dội của “Animal Farm”, ông nhanh chóng coi nhẹ thành quả của mình, tuyên bố rằng cuốn sách tiếp theo chắc chắn sẽ thất bại.

Dĩ nhiên, chẳng có nhà văn tâm huyết nào hoàn toàn (6) hài lòng với công việc của họ., nhưng những hoài nghi của Orwell quá (7) dai dẳng đến nỗi mà ông thường có vẻ (8) thừa nhận những thất bại hơn là công nhận sự thành công. Năm 1940, sau khi xuất bản cuốn sách thứ 8, ông (9) trả lời lá thư tỏ lòng ngưỡng mộ từ một nhà văn khác bằng cách (10) cố gắng chỉ ra cho người đàn ông đó tại sao mình không (11) xứng đáng với lời khen ngợi của anh ta. “ Nó làm tôi bật cười”, ông viết, “khi thấy anh coi tôi là ‘nổi tiếng’ và ‘thành công’. Tôi tự hỏi liệu anh cho rằng sách của tôi sẽ bán được ít tới mức nào!”

EX2: Read the following passage on native Americans, and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks from 21 to 30.

The story of gold is an adventure involving kings, queens, pirates, explores, conquerors, and the native peoples they conquered. Throughout history, gold had (21)_____a magic spell over those it touch. Gold is beautiful and rare; a soft shiny metal that can be moulded into many(22)_____.It has been used for money, jewellery, and to decorate special buildings such as palaces and places of worship. (23)_____the precious metal was discovered, prospectors rushed to mine it, starting new cities and countries as they went. Gold and the people who love it have helped shape the world we live in today. Gold is one of many elements, or substances that cannot be changed by normal chemical (24)_____, that are found in the Earth’s crust. Gold has a warm, sunny colour and (25)_____it does not react (26)_____air, water, and most chemicals, its shine never fades. In its natural (27) _____, gold is soft and easily shaped. When heated to 1,062 Celsius it melts and can be poured(28)_____ moulds to form coins, gold bars, and other objects. Stories have been told, movies (29)_____and legends born about the (30)_____of the world’s great gold deposits. It is a saga of dreams, greed, ambition and exploration.

Question 21 A. knitted B. sewn C. woven D. folded

Question 22 A. formats B. outlines C. shapes D. lines

Question 23 A. Whoever B. However C. Forever D. Wherever

Question 24 A. mode B. means C. course D. measure

Question 25 A. yet B. despite C. because D. so

Question 26, A. estate B. state C. stage D. position

Question 27. A. into B. though C. at D. with

Question 28. A. done B. made C. composed D. built

Question 29. A. discovery B. revelation C. detection D. disclosure

ĐÁP ÁN

Question 21: Đáp án C. woven

Giải thích: (to) weave a spell (over sbd): mê hoặc ai

(to) knit (knitted): đan

(to) sew (sewed, sewn): khâu, may

(to) fold (folded): gấp nếp

Question 22: Đáp án C. shapes

Giải thích: shape (n): hình dạng, hình khối

Các đáp án còn lại:

fomat (n): khổ (sách, giấy,..)/ cách bố trí, sắp xếp

outline (n): dàn ý

line (n): dòng, vạch, đường

Question 23: Đáp án D. Wherever

Giải thích: wherever (conj): bất cứ đâu

Các đáp án còn lại:

whoever (pron): bất cứ ai

however (+ adj) : Cho dù

forever (adv): mãi mãi

Question 24: Đáp án B. means

Giải thích: means (n): phương tiện, phương pháp

Các đáp án còn lại:

mode (n): cách thức/ kiểu, mốt thời trang

course (n): giai đoạn, quá trình

measure (n): phương pháp đo lường

Question 25: Đáp án C. because

Giải thích: Because + clause: bởi vì

Yet (adv): chưa, còn chưa (dùng ở các thì hoàn thành)

Despite + N/Ving: Mặc dù…

so (conj): vì vậy, nên

Question 26: Đáp án D. with

Giải thích: (to) react with sth: phản ứng hoá học với cái gì

Ngoài ra: (to) react to sbd/sth: phản ứng lại (một hành động, thái độ…)

Question 27: Đáp án B. state

Giải thích: state (n): trạng thái

Các đáp án còn lại:

estate (n): bất động sản

stage (n): chặng, giai đoạn/sân khấu

position (n): vị trí/ địa vị

Question 28: Đáp án A. into

Giải thích: (to) pour sth into sth: rót, đổ cái gì vài cái gì

Question 29: Đáp án B. made

Giải thích: (to) make film/movies: sản xuất phim

Question 30: Đáp án A. discovery

Giải thích: discovery (n): cuộc khám phá, sự khám phá ra

Các từ còn lại:

detection (n): sự dò tìm, sự phát hiện (thường sử dụng một công cụ hoặc một phương pháp đặc biệt)

revelation (n): sự tiết lộ, sự phát giác (bí mật)

disclosure (n): sự vạch trần, sự lộ ra

Dịch bài:

Câu chuyện về vàng là một chuyến phiêu lưu với sự tham gia của vua chúa, nữ hoàng, hải tặc, các nhà thám hiểm, những kẻ xâm lược và những dân tộc mà chúng xâm chiếm. Trong suốt lịch sử, vàng đã (21) mê hoặc bất cứ những ai chạm vào nó.Vàng đẹp và hiếm; một thứ kim loại mềm và sáng bóng mà có thể được đúc thành nhiều (22) hình dạng. Nó được dùng để tạo ra tiền, trang sức và trang trí những công trình kiến trúc đặc biệt như cung điện hay những nơi thờ cúng. (23) Bất cứ nơi nào thứ kim loại quý giá này được phát hiện, những kẻ săn vàng đều đổ xô đi đào, xây dựng nên nhưng thành phố và những đất nước mới khi họ đi qua. Vàng và những kẻ yêu vàng đã tạo nên hình hài thế giới mà chúng ta đang sống hôm nay. Vàng là một trong nhiều nguyên tố, hoặc chất có không thể bị biễn đổi bởi những (24) phương pháp hoá học thông thường được tìm thấy ở vỏ trái đất. Vàng có màu sáng ấm (25) bởi vì nó không phản ứng (26) với không khí, nước và hầu hết các chất hoá học, độ sáng của nó không bao giờ mờ đi. Trong (27) trạng thái tự nhiên, vàng mềm và dễ tạo hình. Khi được nung đến 1,062 độ C, nó nóng chảy và có thể đưởng đổ (28) vào khuôn để đúc tiền xu, những thỏi vàng, và những vật khác. Nhiều câu chuyện đã được kể lại, những bộ phim (29) được làm ra và những truyền thuyết được dựng nên về (30) sự khám phá ra những mỏ vàng lớn trên thế giới. Đó là câu chuyện về những ước mơ, lòng tham, sự tham vọng và những cuộc thám hiêm

EX3: Read the following passage on native Americans, and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks A FAMOUS WRITER

Joanne Rowling became famous almost overnight. She is the (31)_____of a highly successful series of books for young people.

Joanne has dreamt of being a writer for as long as she can remember. In fact, she has been(32)_____ stories and characters ever since she was a schoolgirl. When she was still quite young, the family moved to a town called Chepstow. A family who lived (33) ____were called Potter, and she used their name for the hero of her books. She and her sister, Di, (34)_____a state school in town. At school, she was hard-­‐working and rather reserved. She was (35)_____good at English and languages. Her talent for telling stories made her popular figure in the school. During breaks between (36) _____she was often surrounded by a crowd of friends, excited to hear the (37) _____story she had written. She often included her classmates in her stories though they were not always aware of this!

When she left school, Joanne succeeded in getting a place at university. After graduating, she got a(38) _____in French. Then Joanne started to work as a teacher in a school in Portugal. She married a journalist but, sadly, the couple soon (39)_____and she moved to Edinburgh. She had (40) _____and couldn’t even afford a plastic folder to send her new book to potential publishers. However, one wonderful day a publisher said “yes”. It was the greatest day of her life.

………………

III. Bài tập tự luyện điền vào chỗ trống

BÀI TẬP VỀ ĐỌC ĐIỀN KHUYẾT – GAPS FILLING

Exercise 01. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

As swimming became a popular recreation in England during the 1860s and 1870s, several (1)_______ sports developed, roughly patterned after land sports. (2)_______ them were water football (or soccer), water rugby, water handball, and water polo, in which players rode on floating barrels, painted to look (3)_______ horses, and struck the ball with a stick.

Water rugby became most popular of these sports, but somehow the water polo name became attached to it, and it’s been attached (4)_______ since.

As played in England, the object of the sport was for a player to touch the ball, with both (5)_______, at the goal end of the pool. The goaltender stood on the pool deck, ready to dive on any opponent who was about to score.

Water polo quickly became a very rough sport, filled (6)_______ underwater fights away from the ball, and it wasn’t unusual for players to pass out for lack of air.

In 1877, the sport was tamed in Scotland by the addiction of goalposts. The Scots also replaced (7)_______ original small, hard rubber ball with a soccer ball and adopted (8)_______ that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or, “tackling” a player unless he had the ball.

The Scottish game, which emphasized swimming speed, passing, and (9)_______ work, spread to England during the early 1880s, to Hungary in 1889, to Austria and Germany in 1894, to France in 1895, and (10)_______ Belgium in 1900.

Water polo was the first team sport added to the Olympic program, in 1900.

Exercise 02. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

MTV stands for Music Television. It’s a television (1)_______ dedicated to pop music. It was (2)_______ on 1st August 1981 in the United States. Because of MTV’s instant success in the US, the company expanded into other (3)_______. MTV Europe (4)_______ operating on 1st August 1987. MTV Europe (5)_______ 24 hours a day from its London studios. It can be seen in 33 countries and reaches an estimated (6)_______ of 110 million viewers.

People of 19 different nationalities work at London headquarters, and they try to offer a (7)_______ of music from all over Europe. The channel broadcasts in (8)_______ but Germany provides the biggest number of viewers. Currently, one fifth of the (9)_______ is by German artists.

Most of TV output is video and concerts, but there is also a programme (10)_______ . Unplugged, where major artists play (11)_______ and acoustic in front of a small studio audience.

In addition to music, the channel’s programmes (12)_______ with news, movie information and comedy. MTV has also broadcast special report (13)_______ racism, immigration and unemployed teenagers.

Exercise 03. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

TRAVEL INSURANCE

When going on holiday, it is always a good idea to take out travel insurance. This is just in case something goes (1)_______ along the way. You could lose your luggage, you could be robbed, or even become ill and need expensive medical treatment. For millions of holiday makers, travel insurance is just a precaution (2)_______ will help them have an enjoyable and worry-free holiday. But for (3)_______, travel insurance is a way of earning money (4)_______ making false claims against insurance companies. For (5)_______ some people pretend that they have had expensive equipment stolen which in (6)_______ never even existed, and then claim large sums in compensation. Such claims cost insurance company a total (7)_______ £ 50 million per year. But the cheats’ luck is about to run (8)_______ . (9)_______ to a new computer system, companies will be able to tell at a glance (10)_______ someone has made a claim within the last three years. Honest travelers will no longer have to pay through the nose for other people’s dishonesty.

Exercise 04. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting (1)_______ an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness (2)_______ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (3)_______ of quality and effect. (4)_______ of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive awareness, in which our bodies are (5)_______ rest while our minds are awake.

Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (6)_______ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, (7)_______ than one of exhaustion. Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive world, we are under constant strain and have difficulty in coping, (8)_______ alone nurturing our body’s abilities. What needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With (9)_______ in mind we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes (10)_______ deep-seated.

Exercise 05. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Enjoyment is what drinking wine is all about. However, the more you know, (1)_______ easier it becomes to select the right wines for you or your guests. Wine is basically grape juice to (2)_______ yeast has been added causing it to ferment and produce alcohol. Alcohol is flavourless, so there must be something more (3)_______ wine than this. Many of the secrets of wine lie within the grape. Its pulp is a sugar solution which contains the things that give a wine its fruity flavour. In a dry wine, most of a grape’s sugar has been converted (4)_______ alcohol. In a sweet one, more sugar is left. This can be felt on the (5)_______ of the tongue. The pulp also contains acidity which gives the wine “crispness” that makes the mouth water.

Too much (6)_______ it can make you wince, too little and the wine could taste dull. The skin contains flavour and tannin. Tannin produces a tingling sensation in the gums and gives a wine firmness. White grapes (7)_______ their skins removed before fermentation so tannin is only really found in red wines. The pulp of black and white grapes is (8)_______ same pale colour. The fact that the skins of black grapes are left on (9)_______ the wine is fermented gives red wine its colour.

The wines which are often considered to be the best are (10)_______ where all the elements balance one another. There are many grape varieties grown in many climates which influence the emphasis given to these features and this is why wines can be so wonderfully different.

Exercise 06. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

School students do not shower after sports class

A report has found that more than half of high (1)_______ boys and two-thirds of girls never shower after a physical (2)_______ class. Researchers suggest that students don’t want to sweat and take a (3)_______, so they are less active in sports classes. The researchers questioned almost 4,000 children in schools in Essex, England. Lead researcher Dr Gavin Sandercock said he was surprised (4)_______ how rarely students showered. He said: “We know (5)_______ children aren’t getting (6)_______ physical activity because we have seen their fitness declining; (7)_______ the unwillingness to shower is a barrier to working up a sweat (8)_______ playing sport, it’s something we need to tackle to promote activity at schools.”

Exercise 07. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

ITALY’S MOST POETIC CITY

Venice has been an inspiration for writers, artists and musicians throughout history. In the 15th century it was the world’s (1)_______ port. Since then it has built up an astonishing collection of art and architecture (2)_______ to its trade with the East.

The city (3)_______ its visitors incredible sights. Do not believe those who say Venice is a museum. This is still a living city full of joys. Venice looks good in any light. The sun makes the domes sparkle, but even on a grey, (4)_______ day the city can be extremely romantic.

And (5)_______ it gets overcrowded, (6)_______ is an easy escape to the other islands in the Venice Gulf, (7)_______ brightly-colored houses are a photographer’s dream. In a curious way, Venice is a model city for the future; it is free from cars and the (8)_______ way to get around is by public transport or on foot. This one fact alone (9)_______ it a unique city, one (10)_______ traffic noise, the creation of genius indeed.

Exercise 08. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1)_______ little, and continue on their settled way happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David Horabin won a million. He had been struggling to (2)_______ a success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted his cheque in a small ceremony (3)_______ the premises at 2.30, and by three o’clock he had reopened for business. The reaction of Mr. Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4)_______. He was unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5)_______ on the day he won. He also said that if the money made him (6)_______ he would give it back. In fact, the chances of his life being made a misery by his new-found wealth are almost (7)_______ slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one odds he beat to take a jackpot (8)_______ had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling small amounts (9)_______ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10)_______, gambling can become an addiction, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable.

Exercise 09. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

PEER PRESSURE

One of the strongest influences on children today (1)_______ that of their peers. What their classmates think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it (2)_______ the behavior of nearly every child at school. In their efforts not to be different, some children go so far as to hide their intelligence and ability in case they are made (3)_______ of. Generally, children do not want to stand (4)_______ from the crowd. They want to fit in, to be accepted. In psychological terms, the importance of (5)_______ pressure cannot be over emphasized. There is a lot of evidence that it has great bearing on all aspects of children’s lives, (6)_______ the clothes they wear, the music they listen to and their attitude to study to their ambitions in life, their relationships and their sense. (7)_______, as children grow up into adolescents, individuality becomes more acceptable, desirable even, and in their search for their (8)_______ personal style, the teenager and young adult will begin to experiment and be more willing to run the (9)_______ of rejection by the group. Concern about intellectual prowess and achieving good exam results can dominate as the atmosphere of competition develops and worries (10)_______ the future override any fears of appearing too brainy.

Exercise 10. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

THE BIRTH OF THE T-SHIRT

The T-shirt, or at least the T-shirt as we know it, was born in the theatre. When Tennessee William’s play A Streetcar Named Oesire opened in New York in December 1947, a young actor (1)_______ Marlon Brando went (2)_______ stage wearing a (3)_______ of blue jeans and a bright, white, capped-sleeve T-shirt. It was the first time the T-shirt had been seen publicly as anything (4)_______ an item of underwear and it set a fashion trend that was to last through (5)_______ the end of the century. The idea for the T-shirt came (6)_______ Brando himself. He had worn one at rehearsals for the play. The director was so impressed by the look that was created that he asked Brando to wear the shirt in the play itself. Brando may have seen the shirt being advertised by the American company Sears Roebuck. They had decided to market the shirt (7)_______ a fashionable garment in its (8)_______ right, rather than just something to be worn (9)_______ warmth beneath a denim workshirt (10)_______ an army uniform. It was Brando, however, who popularized it, especially with the release of the film version of Streetcar in 1951. A short leather jacket completed the look that was to be adopted by teenage rebels in many countries for decades afterwards.

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